selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver

The WebDriver implementation.

Functions

create_matches(options)
get_remote_connection(capabilities, ...[, ...])
import_cdp()

Classes

BaseWebDriver()	Abstract Base Class for all Webdriver subtypes.
WebDriver([command_executor, keep_alive, ...])	Controls a browser by sending commands to a remote server.

selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.import_cdp()

selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.get_remote_connection(capabilities, command_executor, keep_alive, ignore_local_proxy=False)

selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.create_matches(options: List[BaseOptions]) → Dict

class selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.BaseWebDriver

Abstract Base Class for all Webdriver subtypes.

ABC’s allow custom implementations of Webdriver to be registered so that isinstance type checks will succeed.

class selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver(command_executor: str | RemoteConnection = 'http://127.0.0.1:4444', keep_alive: bool = True, file_detector: FileDetector | None = None, options: BaseOptions | List[BaseOptions] | None = None)

Controls a browser by sending commands to a remote server. This server is expected to be running the WebDriver wire protocol as defined at https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/json_wire_protocol/.

Attributes:

• session_id - String ID of the browser session started and controlled by this WebDriver.

• capabilities - Dictionary of effective capabilities of this browser session as returned

  by the remote server. See https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/legacy/desired_capabilities/

• command_executor - remote_connection.RemoteConnection object used to execute commands.

• error_handler - errorhandler.ErrorHandler object used to handle errors.

Create a new driver that will issue commands using the wire protocol.

Args:

• command_executor - Either a string representing URL of the remote server or a custom

  remote_connection.RemoteConnection object. Defaults to ‘http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub’.

• keep_alive - Whether to configure remote_connection.RemoteConnection to use

  HTTP keep-alive. Defaults to True.

• file_detector - Pass custom file detector object during instantiation. If None,

  then default LocalFileDetector() will be used.

• options - instance of a driver options.Options class

file_detector_context(file_detector_class, *args, **kwargs)

Overrides the current file detector (if necessary) in limited context. Ensures the original file detector is set afterwards.

Example:

with webdriver.file_detector_context(UselessFileDetector):
    someinput.send_keys('/etc/hosts')

Args:

• file_detector_class - Class of the desired file detector. If the class is different

  from the current file_detector, then the class is instantiated with args and kwargs and used as a file detector during the duration of the context manager.

• args - Optional arguments that get passed to the file detector class during

  instantiation.

• kwargs - Keyword arguments, passed the same way as args.

property mobile: Mobile

property name: str

Returns the name of the underlying browser for this instance.

Usage:

name = driver.name

start_client()

Called before starting a new session.

This method may be overridden to define custom startup behavior.

stop_client()

Called after executing a quit command.

This method may be overridden to define custom shutdown behavior.

start_session(capabilities: dict) → None

Creates a new session with the desired capabilities.

Args:

• capabilities - a capabilities dict to start the session with.

create_web_element(element_id: str) → WebElement

Creates a web element with the specified element_id.

execute(driver_command: str, params: dict | None = None) → dict

Sends a command to be executed by a command.CommandExecutor.

Args:

• driver_command: The name of the command to execute as a string.

• params: A dictionary of named parameters to send with the command.

Returns:

The command’s JSON response loaded into a dictionary object.

get(url: str) → None

Loads a web page in the current browser session.

property title: str

Returns the title of the current page.

Usage:

title = driver.title

pin_script(script: str, script_key=None) → ScriptKey

Store common javascript scripts to be executed later by a unique hashable ID.

unpin(script_key: ScriptKey) → None

Remove a pinned script from storage.

get_pinned_scripts() → List[str]

execute_script(script, *args)

Synchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.

Args:

• script: The JavaScript to execute.

• *args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.

Usage:

driver.execute_script('return document.title;')

execute_async_script(script: str, *args)

Asynchronously Executes JavaScript in the current window/frame.

Args:

• script: The JavaScript to execute.

• *args: Any applicable arguments for your JavaScript.

Usage:

script = "var callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1]; " \
         "window.setTimeout(function(){ callback('timeout') }, 3000);"
driver.execute_async_script(script)

property current_url: str

Gets the URL of the current page.

Usage:

driver.current_url

property page_source: str

Gets the source of the current page.

Usage:

driver.page_source

close() → None

Closes the current window.

Usage:

driver.close()

quit() → None

Quits the driver and closes every associated window.

Usage:

driver.quit()

property current_window_handle: str

Returns the handle of the current window.

Usage:

driver.current_window_handle

property window_handles: List[str]

Returns the handles of all windows within the current session.

Usage:

driver.window_handles

maximize_window() → None

Maximizes the current window that webdriver is using.

fullscreen_window() → None

Invokes the window manager-specific ‘full screen’ operation.

minimize_window() → None

Invokes the window manager-specific ‘minimize’ operation.

print_page(print_options: PrintOptions | None = None) → str

Takes PDF of the current page.

The driver makes a best effort to return a PDF based on the provided parameters.

property switch_to: SwitchTo

Returns:

• SwitchTo: an object containing all options to switch focus into

Usage:

element = driver.switch_to.active_element
alert = driver.switch_to.alert
driver.switch_to.default_content()
driver.switch_to.frame('frame_name')
driver.switch_to.frame(1)
driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, "iframe")[0])
driver.switch_to.parent_frame()
driver.switch_to.window('main')

back() → None

Goes one step backward in the browser history.

Usage:

driver.back()

forward() → None

Goes one step forward in the browser history.

Usage:

driver.forward()

refresh() → None

Refreshes the current page.

Usage:

driver.refresh()

get_cookies() → List[dict]

Returns a set of dictionaries, corresponding to cookies visible in the current session.

Usage:

driver.get_cookies()

get_cookie(name) → Dict | None

Get a single cookie by name. Returns the cookie if found, None if not.

Usage:

driver.get_cookie('my_cookie')

delete_cookie(name) → None

Deletes a single cookie with the given name.

Usage:

driver.delete_cookie('my_cookie')

delete_all_cookies() → None

Delete all cookies in the scope of the session.

Usage:

driver.delete_all_cookies()

add_cookie(cookie_dict) → None

Adds a cookie to your current session.

Args:

• cookie_dict: A dictionary object, with required keys - “name” and “value”;

  optional keys - “path”, “domain”, “secure”, “httpOnly”, “expiry”, “sameSite”

Usage:

driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar'})
driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/'})
driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/', 'secure' : True})
driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'sameSite' : 'Strict'})

implicitly_wait(time_to_wait: float) → None

Sets a sticky timeout to implicitly wait for an element to be found, or a command to complete. This method only needs to be called one time per session. To set the timeout for calls to execute_async_script, see set_script_timeout.

Args:

• time_to_wait: Amount of time to wait (in seconds)

Usage:

driver.implicitly_wait(30)

set_script_timeout(time_to_wait: float) → None

Set the amount of time that the script should wait during an execute_async_script call before throwing an error.

Args:

• time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait (in seconds)

Usage:

driver.set_script_timeout(30)

set_page_load_timeout(time_to_wait: float) → None

Set the amount of time to wait for a page load to complete before throwing an error.

Args:

• time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait

Usage:

driver.set_page_load_timeout(30)

property timeouts: Timeouts

Get all the timeouts that have been set on the current session.

Usage:

driver.timeouts

Return type:

Timeout

find_element(by='id', value: str | None = None) → WebElement

Find an element given a By strategy and locator.

Usage:

element = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'foo')

Return type:

WebElement

find_elements(by='id', value: str | None = None) → List[WebElement]

Find elements given a By strategy and locator.

Usage:

elements = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'foo')

Return type:

list of WebElement

property capabilities: dict

Returns the drivers current capabilities being used.

get_screenshot_as_file(filename) → bool

Saves a screenshot of the current window to a PNG image file. Returns False if there is any IOError, else returns True. Use full paths in your filename.

Args:

• filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to. This should end with a .png extension.

Usage:

driver.get_screenshot_as_file('/Screenshots/foo.png')

save_screenshot(filename) → bool

Saves a screenshot of the current window to a PNG image file. Returns False if there is any IOError, else returns True. Use full paths in your filename.

Args:

• filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot to. This should end with a .png extension.

Usage:

driver.save_screenshot('/Screenshots/foo.png')

get_screenshot_as_png() → bytes

Gets the screenshot of the current window as a binary data.

Usage:

driver.get_screenshot_as_png()

get_screenshot_as_base64() → str

Gets the screenshot of the current window as a base64 encoded string which is useful in embedded images in HTML.

Usage:

driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()

set_window_size(width, height, windowHandle: str = 'current') → None

Sets the width and height of the current window. (window.resizeTo)

Args:

• width: the width in pixels to set the window to

• height: the height in pixels to set the window to

Usage:

driver.set_window_size(800,600)

get_window_size(windowHandle: str = 'current') → dict

Gets the width and height of the current window.

Usage:

driver.get_window_size()

set_window_position(x: float, y: float, windowHandle: str = 'current') → dict

Sets the x,y position of the current window. (window.moveTo)

Args:

• x: the x-coordinate in pixels to set the window position

• y: the y-coordinate in pixels to set the window position

Usage:

driver.set_window_position(0,0)

get_window_position(windowHandle='current') → dict

Gets the x,y position of the current window.

Usage:

driver.get_window_position()

get_window_rect() → dict

Gets the x, y coordinates of the window as well as height and width of the current window.

Usage:

driver.get_window_rect()

set_window_rect(x=None, y=None, width=None, height=None) → dict

Sets the x, y coordinates of the window as well as height and width of the current window. This method is only supported for W3C compatible browsers; other browsers should use set_window_position and set_window_size.

Usage:

driver.set_window_rect(x=10, y=10)
driver.set_window_rect(width=100, height=200)
driver.set_window_rect(x=10, y=10, width=100, height=200)

property file_detector: FileDetector

property orientation

Gets the current orientation of the device.

Usage:

orientation = driver.orientation

property log_types

Gets a list of the available log types. This only works with w3c compliant browsers.

Usage:

driver.log_types

get_log(log_type)

Gets the log for a given log type.

Args:

• log_type: type of log that which will be returned

Usage:

driver.get_log('browser')
driver.get_log('driver')
driver.get_log('client')
driver.get_log('server')

start_devtools()

bidi_connection()

property script

add_virtual_authenticator(options: VirtualAuthenticatorOptions) → None

Adds a virtual authenticator with the given options.

property virtual_authenticator_id: str

Returns the id of the virtual authenticator.

remove_virtual_authenticator() → None

Removes a previously added virtual authenticator.

The authenticator is no longer valid after removal, so no methods may be called.

add_credential(credential: Credential) → None

Injects a credential into the authenticator.

get_credentials() → List[Credential]

Returns the list of credentials owned by the authenticator.

remove_credential(credential_id: str | bytearray) → None

Removes a credential from the authenticator.

remove_all_credentials() → None

Removes all credentials from the authenticator.

set_user_verified(verified: bool) → None

Sets whether the authenticator will simulate success or fail on user verification.

verified: True if the authenticator will pass user verification, False otherwise.

get_downloadable_files() → dict

Retrieves the downloadable files as a map of file names and their corresponding URLs.

download_file(file_name: str, target_directory: str) → None

Downloads a file with the specified file name to the target directory.

file_name: The name of the file to download. target_directory: The path to the directory to save the downloaded file.

delete_downloadable_files() → None

Deletes all downloadable files.