Navegadores suportados

• 1: Funcionalidade específica do Chrome
• 2: Funcionalidade específica do Edge
• 3: Funcionalidade específica do Firefox
• 4: Funcionalidade específica do IE
• 5: Funcionalidade específica do Safari

1 - Funcionalidade específica do Chrome

Por omissão, Selenium 4 é compatível com Chrome v75 e superiores. Note que a versão (maior) do navegador e do chromedriver devem ser idênticas.

Opções

Capacidades comuns a todos os navegadores estão descritas na página Opções.

Capacidades únicas ao Chrome podem ser encontradas na página da Google para Capacidades e & ChromeOptions

Este é um exemplo de como iniciar uma sessão Chrome com um conjunto de opções básicas:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
    driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

            var options = new ChromeOptions();
            driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

      options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome
      @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, options: options

    const Options = new Chrome.Options();
    let driver = new Builder()
      .forBrowser(Browser.CHROME)
      .setChromeOptions(Options)
      .build();

Alguns exemplos de uso com capacidades diferentes:

Argumentos

The args parameter is for a list of command line switches to be used when starting the browser. There are two excellent resources for investigating these arguments:

• Chrome Flags for Tooling
• List of Chromium Command Line Switches

Commonly used args include --start-maximized, --headless=new and --user-data-dir=...

Add an argument to options:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.addArguments("--start-maximized");

    options.add_argument("--start-maximized")

            options.AddArgument("--start-maximized");

      options.args << '--start-maximized'

    let driver = new Builder()
      .forBrowser(Browser.CHROME)
      .setChromeOptions(options.addArguments('--headless=new'))
      .build();

Iniciar navegador numa localização específica

Adicionar uma localização:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.setBinary(getChromeLocation());

    options.binary_location = chrome_bin

            options.BinaryLocation = GetChromeLocation();

      options.binary = chrome_location

    let driver = new Builder()
      .forBrowser(Browser.CHROME)
      .setChromeOptions(options.setChromeBinaryPath(`Path to chrome binary`))
      .build();

Adicionar extensões

O parametro extensions aceita ficheiros crx

The extensions parameter accepts crx files. As for unpacked directories, please use the load-extension argument instead, as mentioned in this post.

Adicionar uma extensão:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.addExtensions(extensionFilePath);

    options.add_extension(extension_file_path)

            options.AddExtension(extensionFilePath);

      options.add_extension(extension_file_path)

    const options = new Chrome.Options();
    let driver = new Builder()
      .forBrowser(Browser.CHROME)
      .setChromeOptions(options.addExtensions(['./test/resources/extensions/webextensions-selenium-example.crx']))
      .build();

Manter o navegador aberto

Ao definir o parametro detach para true, irá manter o navegador aberto mesmo depois do driver fechar.

Adicionar detach:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.add_experimental_option("detach", True)

      options.detach = true

    let driver = new Builder()
      .forBrowser(Browser.CHROME)
      .setChromeOptions(options.detachDriver(true))
      .build();

Excluindo parametros

Chrome adiciona vários parametros, se não os pretende adicionar, passe-os em excludeSwitches.

Um exemplo comum é voltar a activar o bloqueador de popups. A full list of default arguments can be parsed from the Chromium Source Code

Exclua parametros:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", List.of("disable-popup-blocking"));

    options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['disable-popup-blocking'])

            options.AddExcludedArgument("disable-popup-blocking");

      options.exclude_switches << 'disable-popup-blocking'

    let driver = new Builder()
      .forBrowser(Browser.CHROME)
      .setChromeOptions(options.excludeSwitches('enable-automation'))
      .build();

Service

Examples for creating a default Service object, and for setting driver location and port can be found on the Driver Service page.

Log output

Getting driver logs can be helpful for debugging issues. The Service class lets you direct where the logs will go. Logging output is ignored unless the user directs it somewhere.

File output

To change the logging output to save to a specific file:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    ChromeDriverService service =
        new ChromeDriverService.Builder().withLogFile(logLocation).build();

    service = webdriver.ChromeService(log_output=log_path)

            service.LogPath = GetLogLocation();

      service.log = file_name

Console output

To change the logging output to display in the console as STDOUT:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    ChromeDriverService service =
        new ChromeDriverService.Builder().withLogOutput(System.out).build();

    service = webdriver.ChromeService(log_output=subprocess.STDOUT)

      service.log = $stdout

Log level

There are 6 available log levels: ALL, DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, SEVERE, and OFF. Note that --verbose is equivalent to --log-level=ALL and --silent is equivalent to --log-level=OFF, so this example is just setting the log level generically:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    ChromeDriverService service =
        new ChromeDriverService.Builder().withLogLevel(ChromiumDriverLogLevel.DEBUG).build();

    service = webdriver.ChromeService(service_args=['--log-level=DEBUG'], log_output=subprocess.STDOUT)

      service.args << '--log-level=DEBUG'

Log file features

There are 2 features that are only available when logging to a file:

• append log
• readable timestamps

To use them, you need to also explicitly specify the log path and log level. The log output will be managed by the driver, not the process, so minor differences may be seen.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    ChromeDriverService service =
        new ChromeDriverService.Builder().withAppendLog(true).withReadableTimestamp(true).build();

    service = webdriver.ChromeService(service_args=['--append-log', '--readable-timestamp'], log_output=log_path)

      service.args << '--append-log'
      service.args << '--readable-timestamp'

Disabling build check

Chromedriver and Chrome browser versions should match, and if they don’t the driver will error. If you disable the build check, you can force the driver to be used with any version of Chrome. Note that this is an unsupported feature, and bugs will not be investigated.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    ChromeDriverService service =
        new ChromeDriverService.Builder().withBuildCheckDisabled(true).build();

    service = webdriver.ChromeService(service_args=['--disable-build-check'], log_output=subprocess.STDOUT)

            service.DisableBuildCheck = true;

      service.args << '--disable-build-check'

Special Features

Casting

Pode comandar dispositivos Chrome Cast, incluindo partilhar abas

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    List<Map<String, String>> sinks = driver.getCastSinks();
    if (!sinks.isEmpty()) {
      String sinkName = sinks.get(0).get("name");
      driver.startTabMirroring(sinkName);
      driver.stopCasting(sinkName);
    }

        sinks = driver.get_sinks()
        if sinks:
            sink_name = sinks[0]['name']
            driver.start_tab_mirroring(sink_name)
            driver.stop_casting(sink_name)

      sinks = @driver.cast_sinks
      unless sinks.empty?
        device_name = sinks.first['name']
        @driver.start_cast_tab_mirroring(device_name)
        expect { @driver.stop_casting(device_name) }.not_to raise_exception
      end

Condições de rede

Pode simular vários estados de rede (como exemplo, simular situações com pouca banda).

The following examples are for local webdrivers. For remote webdrivers, please refer to the Remote WebDriver page.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    ChromiumNetworkConditions networkConditions = new ChromiumNetworkConditions();
    networkConditions.setOffline(false);
    networkConditions.setLatency(java.time.Duration.ofMillis(20)); // 20 ms of latency
    networkConditions.setDownloadThroughput(2000 * 1024 / 8); // 2000 kbps
    networkConditions.setUploadThroughput(2000 * 1024 / 8);   // 2000 kbps

    ((ChromeDriver) driver).setNetworkConditions(networkConditions);

    network_conditions = {
        "offline": False,
        "latency": 20,  # 20 ms of latency
        "download_throughput": 2000 * 1024 / 8,  # 2000 kbps
        "upload_throughput": 2000 * 1024 / 8,    # 2000 kbps
    }
    driver.set_network_conditions(**network_conditions)

      @driver.network_conditions = {offline: false, latency: 100, throughput: 200}

Logs

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    LogEntries logs = driver.manage().logs().get(LogType.BROWSER);

    logs = driver.get_log("browser")

      logs = @driver.logs.get(:browser)

Permissões

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    driver.setPermission("camera", "denied");

    driver.set_permissions('camera', 'denied')

      @driver.add_permission('camera', 'denied')
      @driver.add_permissions('clipboard-read' => 'denied', 'clipboard-write' => 'prompt')

DevTools

Veja a secção [Chrome DevTools] para mais informação em como usar Chrome DevTools

2 - Funcionalidade específica do Edge

Microsoft Edge foi criado com recurso ao Chromium, cuja versão mais antiga suportada é a v79. Tal como o Chrome, a versão (maior) do edgedriver deve ser igual à do navegador Edge.

Todas as capacidades e opções encontradas na página Chrome page irão funcionar de igual forma para o Edge.

Opções

Capabilities common to all browsers are described on the Options page.

Capabilities unique to Chromium are documented at Google’s page for Capabilities & ChromeOptions

Este é um exemplo de como iniciar uma sessão Edge com um conjunto de opções básicas:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

  public void basicOptions() {
    EdgeOptions options = new EdgeOptions();

    options = webdriver.EdgeOptions()
    driver = webdriver.Edge(options=options)

            var options = new EdgeOptions();
            driver = new EdgeDriver(options);

      options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.edge
      @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge, options: options

    let options = new edge.Options();
    driver = new Builder()
      .forBrowser(Browser.EDGE)
      .setEdgeOptions(options)
      .build();

Argumentos

The args parameter is for a list of command line switches to be used when starting the browser. There are two excellent resources for investigating these arguments:

• Chrome Flags for Tooling
• List of Chromium Command Line Switches

Opções mais frequentes incluem --start-maximized e --headless=new e --user-data-dir=...

Adicione uma opção:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.add_argument("--start-maximized")

            options.AddArgument("--start-maximized");

      options.args << '--start-maximized'

      .setEdgeOptions(options.addArguments('--headless=new'))

Start browser in a specified location

The binary parameter takes the path of an alternate location of browser to use. With this parameter you can use chromedriver to drive various Chromium based browsers.

Add a browser location to options:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.binary_location = edge_bin

            options.BinaryLocation = GetEdgeLocation();

      options.binary = edge_location

Add extensions

The extensions parameter accepts crx files. As for unpacked directories, please use the load-extension argument instead, as mentioned in this post.

Add an extension to options:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.add_extension(extension_file_path)

            options.AddExtension(extensionFilePath);

      options.add_extension(extension_file_path)

      .setEdgeOptions(options.addExtensions(['./test/resources/extensions/webextensions-selenium-example.crx']))

Keeping browser open

Setting the detach parameter to true will keep the browser open after the process has ended, so long as the quit command is not sent to the driver.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.add_experimental_option("detach", True)

      options.detach = true

      .setEdgeOptions(options.detachDriver(true))

Excluding arguments

MSEdgedriver has several default arguments it uses to start the browser. If you do not want those arguments added, pass them into excludeSwitches. A common example is to turn the popup blocker back on. A full list of default arguments can be parsed from the Chromium Source Code

Set excluded arguments on options:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['disable-popup-blocking'])

            options.AddExcludedArgument("disable-popup-blocking");

      options.exclude_switches << 'disable-popup-blocking'

      .setEdgeOptions(options.excludeSwitches('enable-automation'))

Service

Examples for creating a default Service object, and for setting driver location and port can be found on the Driver Service page.

Log output

Getting driver logs can be helpful for debugging issues. The Service class lets you direct where the logs will go. Logging output is ignored unless the user directs it somewhere.

File output

To change the logging output to save to a specific file:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    File logLocation = getTempFile("logsToFile", ".log");

    service = webdriver.EdgeService(log_output=log_path)

            service.LogPath = GetLogLocation();

      service.log = file_name

Console output

To change the logging output to display in the console as STDOUT:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    service = webdriver.EdgeService(log_output=subprocess.STDOUT)

      service.log = $stdout

Log level

There are 6 available log levels: ALL, DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, SEVERE, and OFF. Note that --verbose is equivalent to --log-level=ALL and --silent is equivalent to --log-level=OFF, so this example is just setting the log level generically:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    EdgeDriverService service =

    service = webdriver.EdgeService(service_args=['--log-level=DEBUG'], log_output=log_path)

      service.args << '--log-level=DEBUG'

Log file features

There are 2 features that are only available when logging to a file:

• append log
• readable timestamps

To use them, you need to also explicitly specify the log path and log level. The log output will be managed by the driver, not the process, so minor differences may be seen.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    EdgeDriverService service =

    service = webdriver.EdgeService(service_args=['--append-log', '--readable-timestamp'], log_output=log_path)

      service.args << '--append-log'
      service.args << '--readable-timestamp'

Disabling build check

Edge browser and msedgedriver versions should match, and if they don’t the driver will error. If you disable the build check, you can force the driver to be used with any version of Edge. Note that this is an unsupported feature, and bugs will not be investigated.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    EdgeDriverService service =

    service = webdriver.EdgeService(service_args=['--disable-build-check'], log_output=log_path)

            service.DisableBuildCheck = true;

      service.args << '--disable-build-check'

Modo compatibilidade Internet Explorer

O Microsoft Edge pode ser controlado em modo “compatibilidade Internet Explorer”, são usadas classes do Internet Explorer Driver em conjunção com o Microsoft Edge. Leia a página Internet Explorer para mais detalhes.

Special Features

Some browsers have implemented additional features that are unique to them.

Casting

You can drive Chrome Cast devices with Edge, including sharing tabs

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    List<Map<String, String>> sinks = driver.getCastSinks();
    if (!sinks.isEmpty()) {
      String sinkName = sinks.get(0).get("name");
      driver.startTabMirroring(sinkName);
      driver.stopCasting(sinkName);
    }

        sinks = driver.get_sinks()
        if sinks:
            sink_name = sinks[0]['name']
            driver.start_tab_mirroring(sink_name)
            driver.stop_casting(sink_name)

      sinks = @driver.cast_sinks
      unless sinks.empty?
        device_name = sinks.first['name']
        @driver.start_cast_tab_mirroring(device_name)
        expect { @driver.stop_casting(device_name) }.not_to raise_exception

Network conditions

You can simulate various network conditions.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    ChromiumNetworkConditions networkConditions = new ChromiumNetworkConditions();
    networkConditions.setOffline(false);
    networkConditions.setLatency(java.time.Duration.ofMillis(20)); // 20 ms of latency
    networkConditions.setDownloadThroughput(2000 * 1024 / 8); // 2000 kbps
    networkConditions.setUploadThroughput(2000 * 1024 / 8);   // 2000 kbps

    network_conditions = {
        "offline": False,
        "latency": 20,  # 20 ms of latency
        "download_throughput": 2000 * 1024 / 8,  # 2000 kbps
        "upload_throughput": 2000 * 1024 / 8,    # 2000 kbps
    }
    driver.set_network_conditions(**network_conditions)

      @driver.network_conditions = {offline: false, latency: 100, throughput: 200}

Logs

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    LogEntries logs = driver.manage().logs().get(LogType.BROWSER);

    logs = driver.get_log("browser")

      logs = @driver.logs.get(:browser)

Permissions

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    driver.set_permissions('camera', 'denied')

      @driver.add_permission('camera', 'denied')
      @driver.add_permissions('clipboard-read' => 'denied', 'clipboard-write' => 'prompt')

DevTools

See the [Chrome DevTools] section for more information about using DevTools in Edge

3 - Funcionalidade específica do Firefox

Por omissão, Selenium 4 é compatível com Firefox 78 ou superior. Recomendamos que use sempre a versão mais recente do geckodriver.

Opções

Capacidades comuns a todos os navegadores estão descritas na página Opções.

Capacidades únicas ao Firefox podem ser encontradas na página da Mozilla para firefoxOptions

Este é um exemplo de como iniciar uma sessão Firefox com um conjunto de opções básicas:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
    driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);

    options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
    driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)

            var options = new FirefoxOptions();
            driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);

      options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefox
      @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options

    driver = new Builder()
      .forBrowser(Browser.FIREFOX)
      .setFirefoxOptions(options)
      .build();

Alguns exemplos de uso com capacidades diferentes:

Argumentos

O parametro args é usado para indicar uma lista de opções ao iniciar o navegador. Opções mais frequentes incluem -headless e "-profile", "/path/to/profile"

Adicione uma opção:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.addArguments("-headless");

    options.add_argument("-headless")

            options.AddArgument("-headless");

      options.args << '-headless'

      .setFirefoxOptions(options.addArguments('--headless'))

Iniciar navegador numa localização específica

O parametro binary é usado contendo o caminho para uma localização específica do navegador. Como exemplo, pode usar este parametro para indicar ao geckodriver a versão Firefox Nightly ao invés da versão de produção, quando ambas versões estão presentes no seu computador.

Adicionar uma localização:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    options.setBinary(getFirefoxLocation());

    options.binary_location = firefox_bin

            options.BinaryLocation = GetFirefoxLocation();

      options.binary = firefox_location

Perfis

Existem várias formas de trabalhar com perfis Firefox

    FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
    FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
    profile.setPreference("javascript.enabled", "False");
    options.setProfile(profile);

    driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);

    from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options
    from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile

    options = Options()
    firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile()
    firefox_profile.set_preference("javascript.enabled", False)
    options.profile = firefox_profile

    driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)

var options = new FirefoxOptions();
var profile = new FirefoxProfile();
options.Profile = profile;
var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
  

      profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new
      profile['browser.download.dir'] = '/tmp/webdriver-downloads'
      options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile)

const { Builder } = require("selenium-webdriver");
const firefox = require('selenium-webdriver/firefox');

const options = new firefox.Options();
let profile = '/path to custom profile';
options.setProfile(profile);
const driver = new Builder()
    .forBrowser('firefox')
    .setFirefoxOptions(options)
    .build();
  

val options = FirefoxOptions()
options.profile = FirefoxProfile()
driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)
  

Service

Service settings common to all browsers are described on the Service page.

Log output

Getting driver logs can be helpful for debugging various issues. The Service class lets you direct where the logs will go. Logging output is ignored unless the user directs it somewhere.

File output

To change the logging output to save to a specific file:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    FirefoxDriverService service =
        new GeckoDriverService.Builder().withLogFile(logLocation).build();

    service = webdriver.FirefoxService(log_output=log_path, service_args=['--log', 'debug'])

      service.log = file_name

Console output

To change the logging output to display in the console:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    FirefoxDriverService service =
        new GeckoDriverService.Builder().withLogOutput(System.out).build();

    service = webdriver.FirefoxService(log_output=subprocess.STDOUT)

      service.log = $stdout

Log level

There are 7 available log levels: fatal, error, warn, info, config, debug, trace. If logging is specified the level defaults to info.

Note that -v is equivalent to -log debug and -vv is equivalent to log trace, so this examples is just for setting the log level generically:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    FirefoxDriverService service =
        new GeckoDriverService.Builder().withLogLevel(FirefoxDriverLogLevel.DEBUG).build();

    service = webdriver.FirefoxService(log_output=log_path, service_args=['--log', 'debug'])

      service.args += %w[--log debug]

Truncated Logs

The driver logs everything that gets sent to it, including string representations of large binaries, so Firefox truncates lines by default. To turn off truncation:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    FirefoxDriverService service =
        new GeckoDriverService.Builder().withTruncatedLogs(false).build();

    service = webdriver.FirefoxService(service_args=['--log-no-truncate', '--log', 'debug'], log_output=log_path)

      service.args << '--log-no-truncate'

Profile Root

The default directory for profiles is the system temporary directory. If you do not have access to that directory, or want profiles to be created some place specific, you can change the profile root directory:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    FirefoxDriverService service =
        new GeckoDriverService.Builder().withProfileRoot(profileDirectory).build();

    service = webdriver.FirefoxService(service_args=['--profile-root', temp_dir])

      service.args += ['--profile-root', root_directory]

Special Features

Extras

Ao invés do Chrome, os extras do Firefos não são adicionados como parte das capacidades, mas sim após iniciar o driver.

Unlike Chrome, Firefox extensions are not added as part of capabilities as mentioned in this issue, they are created after starting the driver.

The following examples are for local webdrivers. For remote webdrivers, please refer to the Remote WebDriver page.

Instalação

Um arquivo xpi que pode ser obtido da página Mozilla Extras

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    driver.installExtension(xpiPath);

    driver.install_addon(addon_path_xpi)

            driver.InstallAddOnFromFile(Path.GetFullPath(extensionFilePath));

      driver.install_addon(extension_file_path)

    let id = await driver.installAddon(xpiPath);

Desinstalação

Desinstalar uma extensão implica saber o seu id que pode ser obtido como valor de retorno durante a instalação.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    driver.uninstallExtension(id);

    driver.uninstall_addon(id)

            driver.UninstallAddOn(extensionId);

      driver.uninstall_addon(extension_id)

    await driver.uninstallAddon(id);

Instalação de extensões não assinadas

Quando trabalhar em uma extensão não terminada ou não publicada, provavelmente ela não estará assinada. Desta forma, só pode ser instalada como “temporária”. Isto pode ser feito passando uma arquivo ZIP ou uma pasta, este é um exemplo com uma pasta:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    driver.installExtension(path, true);

    driver.install_addon(addon_path_dir, temporary=True)

            driver.InstallAddOnFromDirectory(Path.GetFullPath(extensionDirPath), true);

      driver.install_addon(extension_dir_path, true)

    let id = await driver.installAddon(xpiPath, true);

Captura de tela inteira

The following examples are for local webdrivers. For remote webdrivers, please refer to the Remote WebDriver page.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    File screenshot = driver.getFullPageScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

    driver.save_full_page_screenshot("full_page_screenshot.png")

        screenshot = driver.save_full_page_screenshot(File.join(dir, 'screenshot.png'))

Contexto

The following examples are for local webdrivers. For remote webdrivers, please refer to the Remote WebDriver page.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

    ((HasContext) driver).setContext(FirefoxCommandContext.CHROME);
    driver.executeScript("console.log('Inside Chrome context');");

    with driver.context(driver.CONTEXT_CHROME):
        driver.execute_script("console.log('Inside Chrome context');")

      driver.context = 'content'

4 - Funcionalidade específica do IE

Desde Junho de 2022, o Projecto Selenium deixou de suportar oficialmente o navegador Internet Explorer. O driver Internet Explorer continua a suportar a execução do Microsoft Edge no modo “IE Compatibility Mode.”

Considerações especiais

O IE Driver é o único driver mantido directamente pelo Projecto Selenium. Embora existam binários para as versões de 32 e 64 bits, existem algumas limitações conhecidas com o driver de 64 bits. Desta forma, recomenda-se a utilização do driver de 32 bits.

Informação adicional sobre como usar o Internet Explorer pode ser encontrada na página IE Driver Server

Opções

Este é um exemplo de como iniciar o navegador Microsoft Edge em modo compatibilidade Internet Explorer usando um conjunto de opções básicas:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
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• Kotlin

        InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
        options.attachToEdgeChrome();
        options.withEdgeExecutablePath(getEdgeLocation());
        driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);

    options = webdriver.IeOptions()
    options.attach_to_edge_chrome = True
    options.edge_executable_path = edge_bin
    driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)

            var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
            options.AttachToEdgeChrome = true;
            options.EdgeExecutablePath = GetEdgeLocation();
            _driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);

      options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new
      options.attach_to_edge_chrome = true
      options.edge_executable_path = edge_location
      @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :ie, options: options

A partir do driver versão v4.5.0:

• Se o IE não estiver presente no sistema (ausente por omissão no Windows 11), não necessita usar os parametros “attachToEdgeChrome” e “withEdgeExecutablePath”, pois o IE Driver irá encontrar e usar o Edge automaticamente.
• Se o IE e o Edge estiverem ambos presentes no sistema, use o parametro “attachToEdgeChrome”, o IE Driver irá encontrar e usar o Edge automaticamente.

So, if IE is not on the system, you only need:

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

        InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
        driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);

    options = webdriver.IeOptions()
    driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)

            var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
            _driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);

      options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.ie
      @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :ie, options: options

let driver = await new Builder()
.forBrowser('internet explorer')
.setIEOptions(options)
.build();

<p><a href=/documentation/about/contributing/#moving-examples>
<span class="selenium-badge-code" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="right"
      title="One or more of these examples need to be implemented in the examples directory; click for details in the contribution guide">Move Code</span></a></p>


val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options)

Aqui pode ver alguns exemplos de utilização com capacidades diferentes:

fileUploadDialogTimeout

Em alguns ambientes, o Internet Explorer pode expirar ao abrir a Caixa de Diálogo de upload de arquivo. O IEDriver tem um tempo limite padrão de 1000 ms, mas você pode aumentar o tempo limite usando o recurso fileUploadDialogTimeout.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2));
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
  

from selenium import webdriver

options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)

# Navegar para Url
driver.get("http://www.google.com")

driver.quit()
  

var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000);
var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
  

      @options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000

const ie = require('selenium-webdriver/ie');
let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000);
let driver = await Builder()
          .setIeOptions(options)
          .build(); 
  

val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2))
val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)
  

ensureCleanSession

Quando definido como true, este recurso limpa o Cache, Histórico do navegador e cookies para todas as instâncias em execução do InternetExplorer, incluindo aquelas iniciadas manualmente ou pelo driver. Por padrão, é definido como false.

Usar este recurso causará queda de desempenho quando iniciar o navegador, pois o driver irá esperar até que o cache seja limpo antes de iniciar o navegador IE.

Esse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession();
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
  

from selenium import webdriver

options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.ensure_clean_session = True
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)

# Navegar para Url
driver.get("http://www.google.com")

driver.quit()
  

var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.EnsureCleanSession = true;
var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
  

      @options.ensure_clean_session = true

const ie = require('selenium-webdriver/ie');
let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true);
let driver = await Builder()
          .setIeOptions(options)
          .build(); 
  

val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession()
val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)
  

ignoreZoomSetting

O driver do InternetExplorer espera que o nível de zoom do navegador seja de 100%, caso contrário, o driver lançará uma exceção. Este comportamento padrão pode ser desativado definindo ignoreZoomSetting como true.

Esse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.ignoreZoomSettings();
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
  

from selenium import webdriver

options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.ignore_zoom_level = True
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)

# Navegar para Url
driver.get("http://www.google.com")

driver.quit()
  

var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true;
var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
  

      @options.ignore_zoom_level = true

const ie = require('selenium-webdriver/ie');
let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true);
let driver = await Builder()
          .setIeOptions(options)
          .build(); 
  

val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
options.ignoreZoomSettings()
val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)
  

ignoreProtectedModeSettings

Se deve ignorar a verificação do Modo protegido durante o lançamento uma nova sessão do IE.

Se não for definido e as configurações do Modo protegido não forem iguais para todas as zonas, uma exceção será lançada pelo driver.

Se a capacidade for definida como true, os testes podem tornar-se instáveis, não responderem ou os navegadores podem travar. No entanto, esta ainda é de longe a segunda melhor escolha, e a primeira escolha sempre deve ser definir as configurações do Modo protegido de cada zona manualmente. Se um usuário estiver usando esta propriedade, apenas um “melhor esforço” no suporte será dado.

Esse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains();
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
  

from selenium import webdriver

options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)

# Navegar para Url
driver.get("http://www.google.com")

driver.quit()
  

var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true;
var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);
  

      @options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true

const ie = require('selenium-webdriver/ie');
let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true);
let driver = await Builder()
          .setIeOptions(options)
          .build(); 
  

val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains()
val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)
  

silent

Quando definido como true, esse recurso suprime a saída de diagnóstico do IEDriverServer.

Esse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.setCapability("silent", true);
WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
  

from selenium import webdriver

options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.set_capability("silent", True)
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)

# Navegar para Url
driver.get("http://www.google.com")

driver.quit()
  

InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption("silent", true);
IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
  

      @options.silent = true

const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require('selenium-webdriver');
let caps = Capabilities.ie();
caps.set('silent', true);

(async function example() {
    let driver = await new Builder()
        .forBrowser('internet explorer')
        .withCapabilities(caps)
        .build();
    try {
        await driver.get('http://www.google.com/ncr');
    }
    finally {
        await driver.quit();
    }
})();
  

import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions

fun main() {
    val options = InternetExplorerOptions()
    options.setCapability("silent", true)
    val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options)
    try {
        driver.get("https://google.com/ncr")
        val caps = driver.getCapabilities()
        println(caps)
    } finally {
        driver.quit()
    }
}
  

Opções de linha de comando do IE

O Internet Explorer inclui várias opções de linha de comando que permitem solucionar problemas e configurar o navegador.

Os seguintes pontos descrevem algumas opções de linha de comando com suporte

• -private: Usado para iniciar o IE no modo de navegação privada. Isso funciona para o IE 8 e versões posteriores.

• -k: Inicia o Internet Explorer no modo quiosque. O navegador é aberto em uma janela maximizada que não exibe a barra de endereço, os botões de navegação ou a barra de status.

• -extoff: Inicia o IE no modo sem add-on. Esta opção é usada especificamente para solucionar problemas com complementos do navegador. Funciona no IE 7 e versões posteriores.

Nota: forceCreateProcessApi deve ser habilitado para que os argumentos da linha de comando funcionem.

• Java
• Python
• CSharp
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• Kotlin

import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions;

public class ieTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
        options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe();
        options.addCommandSwitches("-k");
        InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
        try {
            driver.get("https://google.com/ncr");
            Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities();
            System.out.println(caps);
        } finally {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}
  

from selenium import webdriver

options = webdriver.IeOptions()
options.add_argument('-private')
options.force_create_process_api = True
driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options)

# Navegar para Url
driver.get("http://www.google.com")

driver.quit()
  

using System;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.IE;

namespace ieTest {
 class Program {
  static void Main(string[] args) {
   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
   options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true;
   options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = "-k";
   IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
   driver.Url = "https://google.com/ncr";
  }
 }
}